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Compare San Marino (2002) - Arctic Ocean (2002)

Compare San Marino (2002) z Arctic Ocean (2002)

 San Marino (2002)Arctic Ocean (2002)
 San MarinoArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle -
Age structure 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,300; female 2,161)


15-64 years: 67.5% (male 9,102; female 9,625)


65 years and over: 16.4% (male 1,956; female 2,586) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides -
Airports none (2001) -
Area total: 61.2 sq km


land: 61.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 10.64 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $400 million


expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)		 -
Capital San Marino -
Climate Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 45,389 km
Constitution 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution -
Country name conventional long form: Republic of San Marino


conventional short form: San Marino


local long form: Repubblica di San Marino


local short form: San Marino		 -
Currency euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL) -
Death rate 7.79 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino -
Diplomatic representation in the US San Marino does not have an embassy in the US


honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York


honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu		 -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states); Russia is the first state to submit data to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend its continental shelf by claiming two undersea ridges in the Arctic Ocean
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 184.5 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh


note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999)		 -
Electricity - imports 185 kWh


note: electricity supplied by Italy (2000)		 -
Electricity - production 0 kWh -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m


highest point: Monte Titano 755 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues NA endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution		 -
Ethnic groups Sammarinese, Italian -
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997) -
Executive branch chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI and Captain Regent Mauro CHIARUZZI (for the period 1 October 2002-31 March 2003)


head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)


cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term


elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2002 (next to be held NA April 2003); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)


election results: Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI and Mauro CHIARUZZI reelected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40%


note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are ten secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister		 -
Exports trade data are included with the statistics for Italy -
Exports - commodities building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) -
GDP purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 7.5% (2001 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 43 46 N, 12 25 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Highways total: 220 km


paved: 220 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports trade data are included with the statistics for Italy -
Imports - commodities wide variety of consumer manufactures, food -
Independence 3 September 301 -
Industrial production growth rate 6% (1997 est.) -
Industries tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine -
Infant mortality rate 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.3% (2001) -
International organization participation CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII -
Labor force 18,500 (1999) (1999) -
Labor force - by occupation services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 39 km


border countries: Italy 39 km		 -
Land use arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages Italian -
Legal system based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.33 years


male: 77.79 years


female: 85.18 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97%


female: 95% (1976 est.)		 -
Location Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Europe Arctic Region
Maritime claims none (landlocked) -
Military branches Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $700,000 (FY00/01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301) -
Nationality noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)


adjective: Sammarinese		 -
Natural hazards NA ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources building stone sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 11.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Romeo RIORRI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 27,730 (July 2002 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.41% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors none Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 16,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore -
Religions Roman Catholic -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: adequate connections


domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system


international: connected to Italian international network		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 18,000 (1998) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,010 (1998) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) -
Terrain rugged mountains central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 1.3 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 2.6% (2001) -
Waterways none -
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